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How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in APA Style
Imagine the Internet as a fried egg.
The yolk contains easier to categorize content like journal articles and e-books.
Content in that egg white area may seem confusing to cite, but the template for references from this area is actually very simple, with only four pieces (author, date, title, and source):
- Chelsea Lee. (November 18, 2010). How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in APA Style [Blog post]. Retrieved from
Missing Pieces: How to Write an APA Style Reference Even Without All the Information
The table below shows how to write an APA Style reference when information is missing. It is also available for download as a PDF.
What’s missing? |
Solution |
Reference template |
|||
Position A |
Position B |
Position C |
Position D |
||
Nothing—all pieces are present |
List information in the order of author, date, title (with description in square brackets if necessary for explanation of nonroutine information), and source |
Author, A. A. |
(date). |
Title of document [Format]. or Title of document [Format]. |
Retrieved from http://xxxxx or Retrieved Month Day, Year, from http://xxxxx or Location: Publisher. or doi:xxxxx |
Author is missing |
Substitute title for author; then provide date and source |
Title of document [Format]. or Title of document [Format]. |
(date). |
n/a |
|
Date is missing |
Provide author, substitute n.d. for no date, and then give title and source |
Author, A. A. |
(n.d.). |
Title of document [Format]. or Title of document [Format]. |
|
Title is missing |
Provide author and date, describe document inside square brackets, and then give source |
Author, A. A. |
(date). |
[Description of document]. |
|
Author and date are both missing |
Substitute title for author and n.d. for no date; then give source |
Title of document [Format]. or Title of document [Format]. |
(n.d.). |
n/a |
|
Author and title are both missing |
Substitute description of document inside square brackets for author; then give date and source |
[Description of document]. |
(date). |
n/a |
|
Date and title are both missing |
Provide author, substitute n.d. for no date, describe document inside square brackets, and then give source |
Author, A. A. |
(n.d.). |
[Description of document]. |
|
Author, date, and title are all missing |
Substitute description of document inside square brackets for author, substitute n.d. for no date, and then give source |
[Description of document]. |
(n.d.). |
n/a |
|
Source is missing |
Cite as personal communication (see §6.20) or find a substitute |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
- Chelsea Lee. (May 17, 2012). Missing Pieces: How to Write an APA Style Reference Even Without All the Information [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/05/missing-pieces.html?_ga=1.20370747.2050835335.1479358700