GGHS 2019 Winter - Team 6

Write introduction about topic here.

Team

No.	Team Topic	Teacher	Role	Name (Korean)	No. of Students
6	Military History and Ganghwa - Joseon Period and Contemporary International Relations (군사-조선시대와 현대의 국제관계)	Olga FEDOROVA	Leader	안태○	8
			Vice-Leader	홍지○
				김은○
				남연○
				박채○
				정유○
				김성○
				김민○

Military History and Ganghwa - Joseon Period and Contemporary International Relations

2. American Disturbance of 1871(Sinmi Yangyo)

"An outpost, called dondae in Korean, was a small camp set up at a distance from a main military station. It was used to monitor the enemies’ movements and to stand guard against unauthorized intrusions and surprise attacks."

1.1 HISTORY BACKGROUND

In August 1866, a US merchant ship, the General Sherman, ascended the Daedong River and came to Pyongyang. The United States began to take an active interest in the issue of the opening of Joseon in the wake of the General Sherman case. Following the incident, the United States conducted two rounds of cruise. He also punished the Shermanon case and demanded compensation for the damage, and at the same time, he established two plans for the shipbuilding expedition in order to establish trade relations with Joseon, but failed to put into practice.

1.2 CAUSE AND RESULT(CONTENT)

3. UNYOHO incident of 1875

3.1 Historical background

After the Tokugawa shogunate time, Japan achieved modernization through the Meiji Restoration. And Japan wanted to expand its influence abroad as other Western countries did. Accordingly, Japan attempted to negotiate with Joseon, which was geographically close, but failed due to Heungseon Daewongun's policy.

3.2 Cause and result

when Heungseon Daewongun stepped down in 1873, and King Gojong govern, Japan sent Unyoho to Joseon with a plan to open the doors of Joseon even by force. Unyoho arrival at the port of Busan, the Busan Navy asked for the reason for the military vessel's intrusion, and Inoue, the captain of the ship, said, 'We visited each other for mutual commerce between Japan and Joseon, and we came to explore the coast of Joseon.' japan then reached Ganghwado Island, and some soldiers, including the captain Inoue, approached Ganghwa Island in a boat, and the boat infiltrated without any warning, then Joseon's navies attacked the boat and the Japanese army returned to its battleship and fired retaliatory shells at Joseon as a warship. After landing in Yeongjongjin, the Japanese armed with modern weapons suffered great damage to the Korean military, looted 36 Joseon Dae-guns, 130 Hwaseong guns, and then withdrew. Japan Appear Ganghwa Island, forcing the Korean government to take responsibility for the incident and impose the trade As a result, on February 26, 1876, conclude ‘Ganghwa Island treaties ' , and opened ports to Japan.

3.3 Ganghwa island's geographical role

Ganghwa Island, located at the mouth of the Han River, was frequently invaded by foreign powers for Seoul's threats. Therefore, the Ganghwa Strait is historically the most important maritime gateway in the defense and security of Joseon. In the past, the site was the military base for a 40-year-long anti-mongery campaign during the Goryeo Dynasty, and was the last bastion during the Byeongja Lake era.Thus, the entire island of Ganghwa has been fortified to prepare for foreign invasion. Especially, Byeongin Yangyo in 1866 and Sinmi Yangyo in 1871 were invaded by the great powers of the Gumi Empire in the second half of the 19th century. In response, the Joseon government has banned foreign vessels from sailing since Byeongin Yangyo.The monument was erected at the entrance to the Ganghwa Strait and all foreign ships were banned. Even domestic flights were banned without permission.

 The Ganghwa Chojijin is a fortress built to prevent enemies from invading the sea, and is believed to have been installed in the 6th year of King Hyojong's reign (1655). This is a fierce battleground that has been constantly fighting against imperialist invasions such as the United States expedition to Korea,French campaign against Korea and the Unyo-ho event.  Fort at the time, Chojijin is the place where the soldiers are. but, in 1876, through duress of the hardening of trials by signing a treaty of Japan.There is become the place that no need to defend anymore. In 1973, the fortress was restored.

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References

• 인천광역시 문화유산 - 영문 해설문 포함 (한국학중앙연구원)
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