"GGHS 2019 Winter - Team 4"의 두 판 사이의 차이

2019년 1월 3일 (목) 16:17 판

Write introduction about topic here.

Team

Topic

"Society and Culture of Ganghwa in the Modern Period." - 현대 사회의 강화의 사회와 문화

Society of Ganghwa

Shamanism

1.A change in social perception of shamanism

- History of Shamanism

 Ancient (Dangun Wanggeom of the ancient kingdom of Gojoseon did sacrifice to the sky at Manisan Mountain) - Samhan Period (Goguryo: a rite called 'Dongmang' in October, Buyeo: a rite called 'Yeonggo', and Dongye: a rite called 'Muchun' in October) -  In the Three Kingdoms Period( Buddhism was introduced from China, and Buddhism developed into a national belief system, weakening political power of shamanism.) - During the Goryeo Dynasty (the era of shamanism flourished due to King Taejo, the founder of the Goryeo Dynasty, and the position of the shaman became stronger, leading to the involvement of politics.) - During the Joseon Dynasty (the shamanistic faith was suppressed due to the Confucian ideas, The emergence of Sadangpae, a  group of shaman, made the shaman a social contempt, a critical time for the decline of the shamanistic .)

- Shamans' suppression and reduction of roles

 The tax was collected in the name of rooting out shamanism, but the tax was used to pay for the operation of the government, which resulted in the recognition of shamanism as a profession. The nation said it would root out the problem, but on the other hand it acknowledged and made official. Also, most of the tax payers are women, and the tax levies on women were exceptional. This led to argument that the tax should be abolished and the suspension of the collection of taxes on a shaman temporarily, but soon it's been resumed. Also, it was not easy to abolish them because the discretion of the local government was allowed to pay taxes, and it seemed to get worse. With the continued suppression of shamanism, the role of shamanism has been greatly reduced. The tradition of presiding over the rite at the national level was abolished, and the rite in the form of a festival, including the Emperor's rite, was prescribed and stopped. Soon, the role of a shaman at the national or institutional level disappeared. In addition, as the suppression continued, shaman demoralizing custom became fixation, weakening the shaman's status and reducing its role. 

- Persistent shamanism in the people's life

Shamanism during the Joseon Dynasty was completely ostracized by Confucian scholars. Even during the Goryeo Dynasty, when synology was introduced, there was an unfriendly attitude toward shamanism, but in the Joseon Dynasty, it became much more explicit and institutionalized. As a result, the shamans were not given any institutional and public roles. Also, social status was demoted to slaves under the strict identity system and activities were heavily restricted. During Japanese occupation, the shamanistic were suppressed because it was defined as an old superstition. And with rapid modernization of Western society after liberation and Western rationalism prevalent in society, shamanism was still considered a superstition. Moreover, the widespread religion from the West has led to the destruction of shamanism. Meanwhile, shamanism did not harmonize with the upper-class culture during the Joseon Dynasty, and was shrunk through modernization and industrialization, but the shaman kept the status of folk religion intact. Although the roles of the shamans were not guaranteed in a systematic way, the public sought to find the shamans, consult them, and request them to perform services in important situations. Thus, the shaman has been handed down in various forms of exorcism.

^{[1] [2] [3]}

2.Why are most shamans woman?

3.The beginning of a shaman, Dangun(단군왕검)

Culture of Ganghwa

Festival

Well-known local producat

Map(s)

Network Graph(s)

• SAMPLE: VH2018_부석사reference.lst
• YOUR TEAM GRAPH: GGHS2019W_Team4.lst

References

• 인천광역시 문화유산 - 영문 해설문 포함 (한국학중앙연구원)

1. ↑ 우리 역사넷 , 38권 무속, 신과 인간을 잇다.
2. ↑ 우리 역사넷 , 38권 무속, 신과 인간을 잇다.
3. ↑ [세계의 민간신앙 : 한국인의 민간신앙-무속, 문형진, 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터, 2006]