2018 GGHS Team 1
Introduction
A comparison of the Technology of Goryeo and Foreign Countries
Motives for doing research
Through the study of hidden technology from the Goryeo Dynasty that many people do not know about, by comparing the characteristics of the cannons and metal types of the Goryeo Dynasty with those of foreign cannons and metal types, we explained the excellence of the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty. As a student at Ganghwa Girls ' High School in Ganghwa Island, which was the capital of Goryeo, we wanted to accumulate diverse knowledge about the Goryeo Dynasty. As of 2018, the research was conducted to mark the 1100th anniversary of the founding of the Goryeo.
Background knowledge
What is a cannon(Chongtong gun)?
- A type of weapon used to fire arrows from the Goryeo Dynasty.
- The chongtong gun is a cannon ball of the Joseon Dynasty. The names were divided according to the size, weight of gunpowder, the number of bullets, and the distance to which they were used, according to the order of 천자문(千子文) was separated by 천(天)·지(地)·현(玄)·황(黃)
- A cannon is a large, uncarrying weapon with a large firing range and a greater range than the gun.
The stone cannon that was made in the 14th century was replaced by the steel one at the end of 15th century. At the same time in France a new lighter a cannon cast in bronze was placed on a horse-drawn motorcycle carriage, which led to the emergence of field guns. The new mobile French field gun has introduced the concept of a trunnion, making it easier for guns to be placed on permanent cartwheels, allowing for relatively accurate aim and range expansion.
The origin of the invention of metal types
Existing woodblocks were difficult to keep because they are easily split and bent. And all of the characters were carved on the woodblocks, and the characters were printed on one woodblock-printed book, so that only one type of book could be printed.Metal types were invented to compensate for these shortcomings.
Middle Ages
The physical principles of a cannon
When the magnitude of the force acting is the same, the longer the impact time, the greater the magnitude of the charge. Therefore, the formula F△t = I(the amount of charge) is established. For example, the longer the cannon is, the longer the shell flies. If powder is lit, impact will be applied to the shell, but the longer the gun is, the longer it will take to be impacted, causing the shell to fly further away.
European and Chinese cannon
The cannon of the Goryeo Dynasty
<Kyung Hee Cannon> Kyung Hee Cannon is presumed to be independent. Among Korea's old cannons currently in existence, the cannon, which is believed to be made at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, is two bronze cannon stored in the Kyung Hee University Museum. The cannon is a typical form of the 14th century, when it becomes narrower as it enters from the entrance and expands significantly in the area of gunpowder. The outer shape has a joint at the entrance to the beak and one at the front and one at the back of the gunpowder bottle.
Kyung Hee cannon have the same internal structure as the Rochelt cannon in Sweden and China's 14th century cannon. However, it is different from the structure of the Korean cannon, which appears in the latter part of King Sejong. Therefore, Kyung Hee Cannon may be thought to be from China, but considering that the size of the artillery gun in the early period of China was 300 to 400 ㎜ or more than the Kyung Hee cannon, it is assumed the oldest cannon made in Goryeo.
The shooting sight of the cannon fills the medicine barrel of the cannon, inserts the back of the arrow through the gun, lights the signal line, and burns off the powder of the gun. The explosive force produces an arrow that is inserted into the barrel.
<juhwa> Choi Moo-seon also made the nation's first rocket, ' Juhwa ', which means ' Running Fire. ' "Juhwa " refers to putting gunpowder into a paper container made by rolling it, and the powder inside the paper barrel burns, and the combustion gases are blown back by force.
<general’s cannon,second commander’s cannon> As a distribution gun used to send arrows and bullets far away from the blast, it was used to strike and destroy enemy castles, gates, walls, and warships <A signal shell> This is a signal fire that can be used to set up a camp with the sound of explosion, fire and smoke that are emitted at launch, or exchange signals between the fortress and the camp.
Although none of the gunpowder manufactured by Choi Moo-seon can be confirmed on the scale and structure of the weapons, it is certain that they are the foundation of the nation's gunpowder weapons. Choi Moo-sun's contribution to the nation through the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons is beyond comparison with anyone's achievements.
German metal movable types
The metal movable types from the Goryeo Dynasty
○ Process for making metal types in the Goryeo Dynasty
1. It is carved into the wax one by one letter to form 어미자.
2. Wrap the wax and then form a mold.
3. Pour molten iron from copper, tin, and lead into a mold.
4. Remove and polish metal types made from molten iron.
5. Arrange the types according to what you want to print.
6. Put ink on the type face and paper over it.
○ The character of metal type
It was made of metal so it could be stored for a long time.
It was able to print different kinds of books by combining type with metal letters.
Goryeo made the world's first.
It is a traditional craft that shows the excellence of our nation.
Modern times
Modern technology
3D Printer
Today, a three-dimensional printer(3D - printer) has been created combining traditional printing technology with the wisdom of our ancestors. Three-dimensional printing is a manufacturing technique that produces three-dimensional objects by spraying a continuous layer of matter. By using this, they were able to create objects in three dimensions, not in two dimensions. [10]
Missiles
The rocket weapons, including cannon, have at present developed into missiles. A missile is a generic term for a weapon that is driven by a rocket, jet engine, etc. and is guided until the target is reached at the point of induction. A missiles don't just shoot at targets like shells and fly away.also it's got an induction device inside it After it's launched, it measures its speed and direction. Missiles have the ability to hit the target by as amended it. [12] [13] [14]
Students
2018 GGHS Team 1.Yerim Kim
Ganghwa Island has a lot of historic tourist attractions. and I have lived in Ganghwa Island for quite a while. Ganghwa Island, which was the capital of Goryeo has such a wide variety of relics so that it is called a " roofless museum. " Despite I have lived in Ganghwa island for a long time but many of the historic tourist attractions what I see on my way to school or academy were not very inspiring to me. Also, even when my relative sister came to Ganghwa Island for a school excursion, I though “is there any reason to visit to Ganghwa island for excursion?” so I participated in this camp because I wanted to know more about Ganghwa Island and Goryeo that I mostly ignored them. and also to achieve my interesting in Goryeo. In fact, I think many people know about scientific technology about Joseon, But if you ask questions about the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty to them most people will not be able to answer it. This is because there are not many relics from the Goryeo Dynasty in South Korea, and books also rarely come down. Most of the relics of the Goryeo Dynasty that remain on the Korean Peninsula exist in North Korea. So I hope that through my quest, many people will be interested and excited. about the technology that we did not know about during the Goryeo Dynasty.
So I'm going to have to do looking for scientific excellence in the cannons and metal types of Goryeo Dynasty. and learn about the technology that protected the nation with cannons and metal types that helped people to promote their knowledge. In plain words, The metal type of Goryeo Dynasty was made of metal. After combining metal types and If you dip it in ink, you can easily create multiple books. This is faster than writing in a hand, and also It is convenient because it does not wear out like wood type. However, advanced technology is needed to make metal types. Korea is the first country in the world to make metal types. It is already known worldwide that the history of Goryeo in the invention and use of metal types. Next, I would like to look at the topic of cannon what I usually focused on. A cannon is a weapon that fires an object using the explosive power of a gunpowder. In other words, It was used to protect nation from the war. Choi Mu-seon has learned how to make gunpowder from China. After that the cannons were developed. Various gunpowder weapons made by the Choi Moo-seon can be divided into launchers, firings, bombs and rocket-type firearms. The results were most valuable in the battle against Japanese troops in August 1380. The Japanese were completely wiped out by Lee Seong-gye, a three-degree Chief Border Inspector who was ordered to Goryeo royal court. As you can see from these typical battles, it was a battle using the best gunpowder and weapons. The oldest cannon known in Korea is the chongtong of Kyunghee, which is presumed to have been made from the end of the Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon period at the latest, at least before king Sejong.
2018 GGHS Team 2.Jeonga Park
2018 GGHS Team 3.Sumin Yu
why did I join this camp(expectations) I thought how efficient it would be to write things that I learned while studying English. Also, I wanted to experience various cultures and broaden my thinking by talking with foreigners outside my country. So, through this global camp, I wanted to experience various cultures by reducing the burden of speaking English and talking about daily life freely and comfortably. And I wanted to let foreigners know this topic 'Goryeo' because it was a very valuable history and it contained a lot of value. Therefore, as a proud Korean citizen of our country, I hope our country will be recognized from abroad. Through this global camp, I will talk about a topic with foreigners, experience a variety of ideas, and have a more open mind. We will also work with our team members to prepare for the presentation, fulfill our roles responsibly and learn how to collaborate efficiently through the Media Wiki. And we will be able to make our results visible to anyone, thus making our nation more valuable. why did I choose this topic In fact, I am more interested in science than in history. But I wanted to take this opportunity to explore the convergence of history and science. There is much that can be gained from past technology. If you look at the inventions of the past and see why they were invented, and how they influenced our ancestors ' lives, if you apply them to the present era, you will be inspired to think about ways to think about them. There are many inventions that can see wisdom of our ancestors in our country. And most famous of all, during the Goryeo Dynasty, metal types and cannon were used. But I wanted to explore more because I didn't know the exact details of the scientific principles and the background. Also, since it is a global camp, if we compare it with other countries and find out what our inventions have and should complement, we will learn more. what did I know about the topic before Metal types were invented in Korea during the Goryeo Dynasty, before Germany. Print a combination of metal types. The first book to be made with these metal types was Jikji. cannon was first developed by Choi Moo-seon in Korea during the Goryeo Dynasty. cannon was the first to develop in China, but thanks to Choi Moo-seon's development of the cannon, Goryeo was able to resist Japanese invasion. In addition, they set up a " hwatul dictionary " to promote the development of cannon. what did I learn until now The shooting sight of the cannon fills the medicine barrel of the cannon, inserts the back of the arrow through the gun, lights the signal line, and burns off the powder of the gun. The explosive force produces an arrow that is inserted into the barrel. Choi Moo-seon also made the nation's first rocket, ' Juhwa ', which means ' Running Fire. ' "Juhwa " refers to putting gunpowder into a paper container made by rolling it, and the powder inside the paper barrel burns, and the combustion gases are blown back by force. Although none of the gunpowder manufactured by Choi Moo-seon can be confirmed on the scale and structure of the weapons, it is certain that they are the foundation of the nation's gunpowder weapons. Choi Moo-sun's contribution to the nation through the development of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons is beyond comparison with anyone's achievements. Mongolia's use of gunpowder From a military perspective, it was important for the Mongolian military to prepare for an attack based on abundant intelligence, but the Mongolian military introduced a gunpowder weapon that was just being used in combat. Mongolia's use of gunpowder was noted as an important issue that dealt a decisive blow to the armed forces. If Mongolia's gunpowder weapons were used in the Jindo battle, they should be considered to have been used in the next attack on the South Korean military on Jeju Island. After the armed forces were completely crushed in Jeju Island in 1273, Mongolia began to fight against the Japanese government in 1274. In this fight, a new weapon used by the Japanese army, which attracts attention. The use of gunpowder in Jindo Island and in the fight on Jeju Island is suspected, even when the Korean military invaded Japan at a time of only one year or years. And records such as " The fire and the attack on Jeju Island caused the enemy to fall down in surprise, " may also be related to the use of gunpowder. my role By comparing the guns of Goryeo and other countries, we look for things to complement and complement our own creativity and find out the physical principles that are used in the cannon what do expect from this forum We could examine and compare not only the cannon of Goryeo but also other countries. I do not think our country is better unconditionally and I have a position to respect each characteristic. Through these various investigations, we can have an open mind to prepare for the global era. Also I could see wisdom by looking at various inventions from the Goryeo Dynasty and have developed pride in our country. I will become a person who helps our country by building more knowledge and creativity. " I also worked with my friends, told things which could not understand each other, came up with ideas, and developed a sense of cooperation in my role.
2018 GGHS Team 4.Hyoeun Kim
The reason why I joined global camp is I usually find English difficult, but I wanted to have confidence in English through this global camp and help my engineering field, Jinro by exploring about technology. I hope my English conversation skills improve as I speak English with teachers. Also, I hope to improve my English skills and develop confidence in English. I hope it will help my future by researching and learning about technology. I choose because I could learn a lot about the science and technology of the Goryeo Dynasty by studying cannon and metal types. I knew what cannon was used for, how it was used, how to make metal types, and the background of metal types used during the Goryeo Dynasty. And I knew about Gutenberg in Germany. I learned more about cannon and the scientific principles of cannon. By comparing cannon from the Goryeo Dynasty to that of China and Europe, we also learned about the pros and cons of each other. I learned more about metal types from the Goryeo Dynasty, especially about the background, how they were made, the merits, and the influence of metal types from Germany. I think I understood the cannons and metal types better by doing my own search. My role in the team is to research about metal types in Germany and make an announcement about metal types in Germany. Through global camp, I can get interested in English and have confidence in my presentation. By working with the team, I was able to develop a sense of community and cooperation. Also I learned more about the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty and it seems to have helped my career.
2018 GGHS Team 5.Yeaeun Lee
The reason why I joined the global camp is because I wanted to improve my English and spend my vacation in good condition. Actually, I thought if I should participate in a global camp or not because it is a short vacation, but I got to participate this time because I didn't join it when I was in the first grade. During this camp, I will be able to learn a little bit about the technology of Goryeo and get a sense of achievement when I finish and present my assignments in three days. And the reason why our group chose Goryeo's science and technology as the topic was because we wanted to find the physical principles contained in it by getting to know its science and technology. Also, what he knew about cannon among Goryeo's scientific technologies was that it was made by the principal of action and reaction. However even so I did not know much about the cannon but when I investigated it, I realized that it was a rocket weapon. Also my role is to investigate a missile which is the current weapon involved in cannon and make ppt. Through this camp, I think I can gain patience with effort to study English with my poor English skills and our group can develop cooperative attitude by working together and completing one task.
2018 GGHS Team 6.Hyewon Shin
Before joining the global issue forum camp for the first time, I didn't know exactly what it was and thought it would be difficult. But I thought that I can learn something even though it's difficult. Also, I participated with the idea that ‘ Will this opportunity come again?’ and ‘Let's take this opportunity to improve my English skills.’ It was a difficult subject to me because of the subject that I had never been exposed to it and not having much data. But the kind and detailed explanations of the native English teachers and professor Kim Hyun's explanation touched me so deeply that I did not doze but listened very hard. The reason why we chose the subject of ' Comparing the Science and Technology of the Koryo ' is because we are capable of the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty. and compared the characteristics of the guns and metal types with those of other countries. We thought this pocess would be an opportunity to explain the excellence of the technology of the Goryeo Dynasty. I also wanted to build various knowledge of Goryeo as we are now in Ganghwa, the capital of Goryeo. And I didn't study only our own, but also foreign comparison, and thought it would be a perfect subject for finding the excellence and security of our products. These ideas have led to the creation of the theme ‘Comparison of Scientific Technology between Korea and Foreign Countries.’ Our team divided science technology into cannon and metal types. The cannon was first invented in the Goryeo Dynasty by Choi Moo Seon. The challenge was to find out the physical characteristics of the cannons and find out what kind they were. Metal types were used to study what scientific technology was used and what characteristics compared to German type. I have never explored these two subjects in depth before, and the only knowledge I know is that Goryeo's metal types are ahead of Germany. Although it was hard to explore a topic that lacked background knowledge, I felt myself very proud and growing. I take on a role of making ppt presentation material based on organized data. I also take on a role of finding how printing technology has developed in modern times. I learned a great deal from making presentations by simply compressing and organizing the materials that have come out so far and using the Media Wiki to do simple coding. There is a typical 3D printer in modern printing. Now we have a cutting edge in printing ideas as well as text messages. While searching for data, I also saw a lot of information about metal types from Goryeo. One of a document printed in metal type is Jikji. The metal type is made of brass. The reason for this is that the brass is satisfy the characteristics of melting and slowly harding and free from ink damage. Also, paper used korean paper and ink used Yoo Yeon Mook. It is made of a mixture of soot , glue, and such as paulownia oil or redwood oil that is well coated on a smooth metal surface. This unique characteristic of Korea met the optimum conditions for good use of metal types. The tenacity, passion and wisdom of our ancestors, who finished each type manually, seem to have contributed to making the modern printer. Through this camp, I hope to improve my English skills by talking with native English teachers and writing reports in English. My future hope is to be an air controller. Because air traffic controllers need English, I hope this camp will help me in many ways. Also, I hope myself will be interested in the history of Korea and take pride in Ganghwa, which was the capital of Goryeo. Lastly, since our group subject is the science and technology of Goryeo, I hope it will be a camp where I can learn knowledge related to science.
References
- ↑ 향토문화전자대전 http://www.grandculture.net/ko/Contents/Index
- ↑ 과학동아http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032
- ↑ 과학동아http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032
- ↑ [네이버 지식백과] 고려의 화약병기 - 함포전술로 해전 양상에 새로운 변화를 가져온 (무기의 세계) https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=3573911&cid=59087&categoryId=59087
- ↑ [네이버 지식백과] 고려의 화약병기 - 함포전술로 해전 양상에 새로운 변화를 가져온 (무기의 세계) https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=3573911&cid=59087&categoryId=59087
- ↑ 과학동아 http://dl.dongascience.com/magazine/view/S199504N032
- ↑ [천재학습백과] 고려 시대 금속 활자 http://koc.chunjae.co.kr/Dic/dicDetail.do?idx=41175
- ↑ [네이버 지식백과] 세계를 놀라게 한 인쇄 기술 금속활자 https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=3555669&cid=47305&categoryId=47305
- ↑ The is is the reference
- ↑ 프리미엄 조선|1000년간 가장 중요한 발명은 금속활자?|공미라(세계사 저술가)| 2014.02.21.|http://premium.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/02/20/2014022004605.html
- ↑ [123RF] 하늘에서 미사일의 3d 그림 (Esteban De Armas) https://kr.123rf.com/%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A1%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%84/%EB%AF%B8%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%BC.html?imgtype=0&alttext=1&cko=1&start=400&sti=nul22rnd7fnyrzsgqv%7C&mediapopup=61674362
- ↑ [네이버 지식백과] 미사일 [missile] (21세기 정치학대사전, 한국사전연구사) https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=727167&cid=42140&categoryId=42140
- ↑ [한국과학기술인연합] 화약과 로켓무기의 발달사 최성우) http://www.scieng.net/column/6687
- ↑ [네이버 지식백과] 미사일 (시사상식사전, 박문각) https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=73115&cid=43667&categoryId=43667
Team Information
| Team Position | Name (English) | Name (Korean) | Student ID | Wiki ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teacher | Lina | 리나 | myid1 | |
| Leader | Yerim Kim | 김예림 | 2704 | yearim205 |
| Member | Jeonga Park | 박정아 | 2707 | qkrwjddk |
| Member | Sumin Yu | 유수민 | 학번 | 위키id |
| Member | Hyoeun Kim | 김효은 | 학번 | 위키id |
| Member | Yeaeun Lee | 이예은 | 2416 | Yeaeun |
| Member | Hyewon Shin | 신혜원 | 1611 | 신혜원 |
- Each student should make their own page named 2018 GGHS Team# NAME, for example: 2018 GGHS 1 Lina.
