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대한성공회 강화성당 (大韓聖公會 江華聖堂)
[[파일: 강화성당, Gangwha Cathedral |380px]]
지정 번호	시도유형문화재 제31호
지정일	2001년 1월 4일
지정 명칭	성공회강화성당
한자 명칭	聖公會江華聖堂
영문 명칭	Anglican Church of Korea, Gangwha Cathedral
분류	유적건조물 / 종교신앙 / 천주교 / 성당
건립·제작	1900년 11월 15일
주소	인천광역시 강화군 강화읍 관청길 22 (관청리 336)
위도	37° 44′ 56″ N
경도	126° 29′ 16″ E
웹사이트

개관 Overview

인천광역시 강화군 강화읍 관청길에 있는 대한제국시대에 세워진 성공회 성당
Gangwha Cathedral of the Anglican Church of Korea, established during the Joseon Empire, located on Gwancheong road in Gangwha county of Incheon city.

강화성당: 현재 남아있는 건물로는 제일 오래된 성당으로서 지방문화재로 지정되어 있다.
Gangwha Cathedral: As the oldest standing cathedral in Korea today, the Gangwha Cathedral was designated as a cultural heritage site.^[2]

역사 History

성공회 The Anglican Church^[3]

The name "Anglican" means "of England", but the Anglican church exists worldwide. It began in the sixth century in England, when Pope Gregory the Great sent St. Augustine to Britain to bring a more disciplined Apostolic succession to the Celtic Christians. The Anglican Church evolved as part of the Roman church, but the Celtic influence was folded back into the Roman portion of the church in many ways, perhaps most notably by Charlemagne's tutor Aidan. The Anglican church was spread worldwide first by English colonization and then by English-speaking missionaries.

The Anglican church, although it has apostolic succession, is separate from the Roman church. The history of Christianity has produced numerous notable separations. In 1054 came the first major split from Roman administration of the church, when the Eastern Orthodox church and the Roman split apart.

The conflict of authority in England between church and state certainly dates back to the arrival of Augustine, and has simmered for many centuries. The murder of Thomas a Becket was one of the more famous episodes of this conflict. The Magna Carta, signed by King John in 1215, contains 63 points; the very first point is a declaration that the English church is independent of its government..

Discontent with Roman administration of the church.

The beginning of the sixteenth century showed significant discontent with the Roman church. Martin Luther's famous 95 Theses were nailed to the door of the church in Wittenburg in 1517, and news of this challenge had certainly reached England when, 20 years later, the Anglican branch of the church formally challenged the authority of Rome. Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries and abbeys in 1536.

There is a public perception, especially in the United States, that Henry VIII created the Anglican church in anger over the Pope's refusal to grant his divorce, but the historical record indicates that Henry spent most of his reign challenging the authority of Rome, and that the divorce issue was just one of a series of acts that collectively split the English church from the Roman church in much the same way that the Orthodox church had split off five hundred years before.

Defining the new church

The newly-separated Anglican church was given some formal structure in 1562 during the reign of Elizabeth I. That structure is not a management process or governing organization. What binds us together is not common administration but shared tradition and shared belief. Our belief is written down in the Holy Bible and the Articles of Religion; our tradition is in part embodied in our Book of Common Prayer. The first Book of Common Prayer was produced in 1549. In it the Latin liturgy was radically simplified and translated into English, and for the first time a single 'use' was enforced throughout England. It has been revised numerous times since then, the most significant revision being the first, in 1552. All revisions since then, before the modern era, were very conservative revisions. The 1662 English Book of Common Prayer forms the historical basis for most Anglican liturgy around the world. While several countries have their own prayer books, all borrow heavily from the English tradition rooted in Cranmer's original work.

Further Information

Church history has been an important part of the cultural history of every nation, and through the centuries thousands of books have been written about it. Every library and every encyclopedia will cover it to some degree. An informative online starting point for learning more about the history of the Anglican Church is The Anglican Timeline, produced by the American physician Ed Friedlander, MD. It lists several hundred notable events in the history of the Anglican church, with large numbers of links to reference materials and primary sources.

The Anglican Church of Korea

대한성공회(大韓聖公會, 영어: Anglican Church of Korea)는 대한민국의 독립된 성공회 교회이다. 1993년 세계성공회공동체에 속하는 정식 관구(Province) 로 독립된 성공회 교회가 되었다. 세계교회협의회(WCC)와 세계 성공회 공동체(Anglican Communion)의 일원으로 국제적으로는 세계성공회 사무국(Anglican Communion Office), 세계 각 지역의 관구(Province), 국내적으로는 한국기독교교회협의회(NCCK)에 가입되어 있으며, CBS(기독교방송), 대한성서공회, 대한기독교서회 등과 협력 중이다.^[4]

| 강화도, 선교사와 한국민족 | Gangwhado, The Missionaries and the Korean People

건축 Architecture

한옥 Hanok

한옥(韓屋)은 전통 한국 건축 양식을 사용한 재래식 집을 말한다. 조선집(朝鮮―)이라고도 한다. 현대식으로 지은 집은 '양옥'이라고 한다. 뒤로는 산을 등지고, 앞으로는 물을 마주하며 남쪽으로 짓는 것을 이상적으로 보는 옛 조선의 특징인 배산임수(背山臨水)의 원칙을 지키는 것이 보통이다. 그러나 산의 모양이나 물의 모양에 따라 세부적으로 조율하는데, 이는 건축주의 사주팔자나 직업, 지병 등에 따라 건축가가 임의로 조정하기도 한다. 또, 한옥은 바람의 통로와 물의 위치, 산과 평야와의 거리와 방향, 즉 풍수지리 이론에 근거하며 집의 목적과 거주자의 성향에 따라 매우 다르게 짓는 건축물이기도 하다. 온돌로 방바닥을 데워 추운 겨울을 나고, 마루가 있어 여름을 시원하게 보낼 수 있다. 한국의 전통 건축양식은 다양한 왕조를 거치며 변모해 왔는데 현재 가장 많이 선호되는 양식은 조선왕조의 양식을 주로 따르며, 부분적으로 남북국 시대의 양식이라 보이는 구조와 요소들이 반영되어 있다.^[5]

A hanok (틀:Lang-ko) is traditional Korean house. Hanoks were first designed and built in the 14th century during the Joseon Dynasty.^[6] Korean architecture considers the positioning of the house in relation to its surroundings, with thought given to the land and seasons. The interior of the house is also planned accordingly. This principle is called baesanimsu ( Hangul: 배산임수; Hanja: 背山臨水), meaning that the ideal house is built with a mountain in the back and a river in the front. Hanok shapes differ by region. In the cold northern regions of Korea, hanoks are built in a square with a courtyard in the middle in order to retain heat better. In the south, hanoks are more open and L-shaped.^[7]

| 성당과 교회 차이가 무엇인가? What is the difference between a cathedral and a church?

A church is a "house of worship," a building in which Christians gather to perform the rituals of their religion and interact with one another and hold religious functions and so on. They can be very plain, very simple.

A cathedral is a church which is also the "seat," in the bureaucratic sense more than the literal sense, of a bishop (or, in some denominations, another comparably high-ranking ecclesiastical figure). You therefore ordinarily see just one cathedral per denomination per city. Because bishops are responsible for an area—in Catholicism a diocese—a cathedral can also be thought of as the church associated with the administration of an area.

In common usage, people call really big churches cathedrals pretty often, but this is imprecise and technically mistaken.

A basilica was originally a Roman building featuring certain architectural elements that supported its use as a public, open facility for business, trading, etc. These typically—but not always—included colonnades, naves, and aisles, not unlike a modern pedestrian mall.^[8]

바실리카 Basilica

조화 이님 혼합? Harmonization or Syncretism?

종교문화 Religion and Culture

영국 국교회주의 Anglicanism

1900년대 대한제국의 종교지리 The Religious Geography of the Joseon Empire in 1900

위치 Location

출처

1. ↑ 대한성공회 백년사
2. ↑ 대한성공회 백년사
3. ↑ http://anglican.org/church/ChurchHistory.html
4. ↑ https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%B5%ED%9A%8C
5. ↑ https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%98%A5
6. ↑ 틀:Cite book
7. ↑ 틀:Cite book
8. ↑ http://mentalfloss.com/article/538374/whats-difference-between-church-cathedral-and-basilica

기여 Contributors