2018년 7월 26일 (목) 16:16 판

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Goryeo celadon

Origin of Goryeo celadon

The Goryeo celadon that we talk about as an art piece is a porcelain made of clay and coated with glaze and baked over 1,300 degrees Celsius. In China, jade symbolized a man of virtue and used it as a burial object, believing that it meant eternal life and drove out demons. At that time, the ruling class had many desires for jade and many people wanted to bury jade in their parents ' graves. However, the jade production was so small that they tried to turn precious jade into clay during the period. In Korea, Chinese celadon has been found in ancient tombs between 4 and 6 C, which can be found by importing Chinese celadon as royal jade. The color of Goryeo celadon was an advanced technique 1,000 years ago. In the 3rd and 4th centuries, China created a yellow celadon from Wolju Gama, and was not until the 9th century that it produced perfect celadon. The Buddhist Zen sect, which was widely practiced in China around the 9th century, began to use Goryeo celadon as a tea cup as its practice, as the habit of drinking tea to clear one's mind while meditating. The Chinese made perfect celadon, then the Goryeo people back-track it and created the Goryeo celadon at 11C. Chinese celadon is in its heyday during the reign of Emperor Huizong in 12C, and Goryeo celadon also hits peaks in 12C. We traced the celadon from 1,500 years of study by the Chinese and created it in 200 years. Afterwards, excellent Goryeo celadon started to be produced in Gangjin, Jeolla-do, and Gochang, looking for high-quality soil. In the beginning, Goryeo celadon is usually brown and is made of neat, intelligent, and neat celadon, but in the 12th century, it has been painted with patterns. At that time, the world of Goryeo people was a Buddhist world. They held their hearts in the Goryeo celadon and prayed for eternal world. For example, they used ponds, a world of Buddhist virtues, willow trees, ducks playing along the water, and wild flowers that showed silence and silence. This is why Goryeo celadon, which contains hundreds of years of desire for life, created the most beautiful pottery in the world. ^[1]

Techniques used in Goryeo celadon

● Sanggam technique (상감기법)

The Sanggam technique is to dig a pattern using a sharp carving knife, and then to express a painting with mud deposits on the brush by using a method that can fill the part with more colored mud. Clay shrinks as the moisture evaporates, so it is often formed by the contraction of the other colored soil in the based soil and the intaglioed based soil.

● Intaglio relief technique (음각, 양각 기법)

It is a technique to make a shape of a vessel and dig out a pattern with a fine line before the soil dries, or bend the outer edge of a pattern to show off the pattern. It is the most basic technique from around the 11th century to the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, getting out from the early stage of the production.

● Ron-brown underglaze on white slip and Underglaze slip techniques (철화, 퇴화 기법)

Ron-brown underglaze on white slip and Underglaze slip techniques are techniques that express patterns in a manner that looks like paint on the surface of a baked vessel. The section of the finished product has a layer of earth patterned over the based soil layer, and then a layer of organic material overlaid on top of it, divided into iron oxide and degeneration according to the color of the painting. Ron-brown underglaze on white slip technique is known as iron oxide when it is painted with a black pattern on it. Underglaze slip technique refers to a technique in which patterns are drawn in black and white in the finished product, using red and white soil containing little iron.

● extrude relief technique (압출, 양각 기법)

It is a technique that pushes a properly dried bowl into a frame carved with the pattern of the bowl. This technique let pattern stand out. It can saves more time than carving out patterns one by one, and produces more vessels of the same type. The vessels are usually of many types suitable for printing, plates, and whole, and are usually patterned on the inner surface of the vessel.

● copper oxide Technique (동화(산화동)기법)

oxidized copper is also called jinsa. This is because when you burn it with reductant, it becomes red. However, it is very difficult to make red because copper oxide is very unstable depending on conditions such as temperature control and fuel supply. The copper oxide is expressed only in parts such as the buds of flowers and the edges of petals with an inlaid technique. There are also a few techniques made by painting the front of the bowl with copper oxide. ^[2]

Found Goryeo celadon

Celadon with ‘淳化四年’Treasure number 237 ^[3]

This is a celadon pot with ‘淳化四年’ made in 993 years by the late 10th century, when Goryeo began to make the celadon pot in earnest. It is difficult to see it as a celadon, because it is yellow in color and the glaze is not completely dissolved and is running down. It was used in the shrine of Taejo of Goryeo as it was a highly developed listener in 993 years. Unlike a gas kiln, the success rate of the kiln at that time was less than 20 percent, and we can know how many failures there were through 10 to 15 meters of sediment found in the celadon pot.

Chemistry in Goryeo celadon

A Study on Jade Green Colors in Goryeo celadon

References

1. ↑ 고려 청자의 유래
2. ↑ [https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=gangjingun&logNo=60204404164&proxyReferer=&proxyReferer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.kr%2F 고려청자의 기법]
3. ↑ 한국민족문화대백과